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American figure skater

Michelle Kwan
Michelle Kwan, U.S. Ambassador.jpg

Kwan in 2022
United states Ambassador to Belize

Incumbent

Assumed office
December 5, 2022
President Joe Biden
Preceded by Leyla Moses-Ones (Chargé d'Affaires advertising interim)
Personal details
Born (1980-07-07) July 7, 1980 (age 42)
Torrance, California, U.S.
Summit five ft 2 in (157 cm)
Spouse

Clay Pell

​

​

(m. 2013; div. 2017)​
Children 1
Residence(due south) California, U.S.
Effigy skating career
Country represented United states of america
Old coach Rafael Arutyunyan
Frank Carroll
Scott Williams
One-time choreographer Tatiana Tarasova
Lori Nichol
Nikolai Morozov
Sarah Kawahara
Peter Oppegard
Karen Kwan
Christopher Dean
Skating club Los Angeles FSC
Retired 2006
ISU personal best scores
Combined total 175.20
2005 Worlds
Short program 61.22
2005 Worlds
Free skate 113.98
2005 Worlds

Medal record

Ladies' singles figure skating
Representing the United States
Event 1st 2nd iiird
Olympic Games 0 i ane
World Championships five 3 one
Grand Prix Final one 4 0
Globe Junior Championships 1 0 0
Full 7 8 2
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place 1998 Nagano Ladies' singles
Bronze medal – third place 2002 Common salt Lake City Ladies' singles
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1996 Edmonton Ladies' singles
Gold medal – first place 1998 Minneapolis Ladies' singles
Gold medal – first place 2000 Prissy Ladies' singles
Gold medal – first place 2001 Vancouver Ladies' singles
Gold medal – first place 2003 Washington, D.C. Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 1997 Lausanne Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 1999 Helsinki Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 2002 Nagano Ladies' singles
Bronze medal – third place 2004 Dortmund Ladies' singles
Thou Prix Final
Gold medal – first place 1995–1996 Paris Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 1996–1997 Hamilton Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 1999–2000 Lyon Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 2000–2001 Tokyo Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 2001–2002 Kitchener Ladies' singles
Goodwill Games
Gold medal – first place 1998 New York City Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 1994 Saint Petersburg Ladies' singles
Silver medal – second place 2001 Brisbane Ladies' singles
Earth Junior Championships
Gold medal – first place 1994 Colorado Springs Ladies' singles
Michelle Kwan
Traditional Chinese 關穎珊[1]
Simplified Chinese 关颖珊

Michelle Wingshan Kwan (born July 7, 1980) is a retired competitive figure skater and diplomat serving equally United States Ambassador to Belize. In effigy skating Kwan is a two-time Olympic medalist (silver in 1998, bronze in 2002), a five-time World champion (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003) and a nine-time U.South. champion (1996, 1998–2005). She is tied with Maribel Vinson for the all-time National Championship record.

She competed at the senior level for over a decade and is the most decorated figure skater in U.S. history.[2] Known for her consistency and expressive artistry on ice, she is widely considered ane of the greatest figure skaters of all fourth dimension.[3]

For well over a decade, Kwan maintained her status not only as America's most popular figure skater merely every bit i of America'due south most pop female athletes.[4] Kwan landed numerous major endorsement deals, starred in multiple Television set specials and was the subject area of extensive media coverage.[5] From 1997 to 2005, she was the U.Southward. Effigy Skating Association's tiptop-paid skater in advent fees and prize coin,[6] as well every bit 1 of the highest paid Winter Olympic athletes in endorsements.[7] [8] Kwan was also the highest-paid skater on the Champions on Ice tours.[ix]

Following her effigy skating career, Kwan became active in politics, particularly with the Democratic Party. In January 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Kwan to be U.Due south. Administrator to Belize. She was confirmed by the Senate on September 29, 2022, took the oath of office on October 22, and presented her credentials on Dec v.

Early life and education [edit]

Born in Torrance, California, Kwan was the tertiary kid of Danny Kwan and Estella Kwan, Chinese immigrants from Hong Kong. Her male parent was a native of Canton and emigrated from Hong Kong to California in 1971.[10] [eleven] Kwan grew up speaking both Cantonese and English at home.[12]

Kwan's involvement in figure skating began at the age of five when she followed her ii older siblings (water ice hockey player Ron and figure skater Karen) onto the ice.[xiii] Karen and Michelle began serious training when Michelle was about 8 years old. They practiced 3 to iv hours a day, waking upwardly at 4:30am and arriving at the rink at 5:00am to skate earlier school, and then going back to the rink right after school to skate over again. Paying for their increased skating-rink time led to financial hardship for Kwan'southward working-class family. When Kwan was x years former, her family unit could no longer beget a charabanc, but they were offered financial assistance by a fellow member of the Los Angeles Figure Skating Club[14] that immune them to train at the Water ice Castle International Training Center in Lake Arrowhead, California.

Kwan attended Soleado Elementary School in Palos Verdes, California, only left public school to be homeschooled in 1994, when she was in the 8th grade.[fifteen] After graduation from Rim of the World High School in 1998, Kwan attended UCLA for one twelvemonth. In the fall of 2006, she transferred to the University of Denver.[16] In June 2009, she graduated from Denver's Josef Korbel Schoolhouse of International Studies with a available'due south caste in international studies and a minor in political science.[17] In 2009, she began graduate studies in international relations at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University[18] and graduated in 2011.[19] [20] On May 8, 2010, she was awarded an honorary Doc of Humane Letters from Southern Vermont Higher.[21]

Career [edit]

Kwan won five Earth Championships (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003), tying her with Ballad Heiss (1956–1960) for the most world titles by an American. Kwan'due south nine world medals overall is the best record for an American skater in whatever discipline. The only ladies' singles skater with more world titles or medals is Sonia Henie of Kingdom of norway. Kwan won ix U.Due south. Championships (1996, 1998–2005), tying the tape for most wins set by Maribel Vinson-Owen (1928–1933, 1935–1937). She holds the record for the most consecutive U.S. titles (viii) and most sequent U.S. Championship medals (twelve). She also earned the silver medal at the 1998 Nagano Olympics and the bronze medal in the 2002 Table salt Lake City Olympics. Kwan has received a combined total of 57 perfect marks (6.0s) at major competitions, the singles record under the quondam vi.0 judging system.[2]

Early competition [edit]

In 1991, Michelle Kwan and her sis Karen began training with Frank Carroll in Lake Arrowhead, California. Later on one year of coaching by Carroll, 11-year-old Michelle placed 9th at the junior level at the United States Figure Skating Championships. At the historic period of 12 in 1992, Michelle passed the aureate exam to become a senior-level figure skater despite the disapproval of her autobus. In 1993, Kwan finished sixth at her kickoff senior U.S. championships. The next season, she won the 1994 World Junior Championships.

In 1994, Kwan finished second to Tonya Harding at the U.Due south. Championships, which usually would have placed her on the U.S. team to the 1994 Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway. That identify was instead given to 1993 national champion Nancy Kerrigan, who had been sidelined by an assault and battery (eventually continued to Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly) after a practice session at those championships. The thirteen-year-old Kwan went to Kingdom of norway as an alternating but did not compete. Kerrigan and Harding both dropped out of eligible contest before the 1994 Earth Championships. Because of this (and teammate Nicole Bobek not making out of the qualifying round), Kwan had the sole responsibility to ensure 2 entries for the U.S. at the 1995 World Championships past placing in the height x. Kwan had an unusual mistake in the curt program and placed eleventh in that portion of the competition, simply skated a strong freestyle program and finished eighth overall.

At the 1995 U.S. Championships, Nicole Bobek won the aureate medal, while Kwan again placed 2d after struggling with her lutz bound in both the short programme and gratis skate. At the 1995 World Championships, Kwan was in fifh place after the short program. She skated terminal in the free skate, giving the best performance of her career up to that point, completing all seven of her triple jumps, and "exuding joy and enthusiasm".[22] She finished in third place in the free skate, backside Chen Lu from China, who came in offset place, and French skater Surya Bonaly, who came in second. Kwan came in fourth place overall, behind American Nicole Bobeck, who came in third place overall, even though she came in fourth place in the free skate and despite Kwan's successful execution of her jumps, which were 2d in difficulty backside Bonaly's.[22]

Creative development and 1998 Olympics [edit]

Kwan began to develop a more mature manner during the 1995 season. She used "Romanza" for her brusk program and in her gratuitous skate, music from "Salome's dance" from the moving-picture show score King of Kings by Miklós Rózsa and "The Dance of the Seven Veils" from the Richard Strauss opera Salome, both pieces depicting the Biblical story of Salome seducing King Herod.[23] She likewise improved her extension, speed and jump technique, and performed to more difficult choreography.[ citation needed ] Carroll defended their decision to brand Kwan appear more than mature by stating that they were giving the judges what they wanted, maxim, "The judges were looking for the ladies' champion of the world, not the girls' champion of the globe".[23]

In both her practices and during her functioning at Skate America, Kwan wore her pilus in a bun instead of a ponytail and wore heavy theatrical makeup, including rhinestones pasted near the corner of her eyes.[23] Her costume consisted of "a curt-sleeved rich imperial clothes with rhinestone-studded flesh-colored fabric across the midriff and deep front end and black necklines, ornamated with elaborate sequined floral patterns in gold and bright pastels".[23] According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, Kwan was inspired more than to the music than to the narrative, which equally Kestnbaum criticized, revealed Kwan equally "a sexual beingness".[22] Kestnbaum stated, however, that she found it difficult to construct a linear narrative about the seductive Salome, but that Kwan's moves "might better stand for a young adult female venturing confidently into the world, encountering loss and confusion, but utimately finding peace and triumph".[24] [a] Kestnbaum also stated that Kwan'due south movements in the program evoked "images of a sensual, luxurious, exotic Middle East".[25]

Kwan's costless skate consisted of seven successfully-executed triple jumps, including two triple Lutz jumps, 1 of which was done in combination and was debuted at Skate America and the other preceded past intricate steps. Other elements, such as the complexity of her steps that connected these elements and her spin positions' originality and multifariousness, also contributed to the programme'due south difficulty and artistry. Kestnbaum insists that Kwan'southward increased speed, the strong debut of her triple-triple jump, and her improved poise, precision, and posture "say more than than her hairstyle or makeup most her new maturity as a skater".[24] Kestnbaum states that Kwan'southward fellow competitors were better in how they executed flow across the water ice, speed, and pinnacle of their jumps and that although Kwan exhibited more caution and control than her competitors, she skated with "new power and excitement compared to her younger self".[24] Kestbaum credits the success of the Salome plan to Kwan's intricate choreography, which featured emotional depth during the plan'southward heavier moments and frequent reversals of direction that often unexpectedly led to spins or jumps.[25] Kwan ended up winning Skate America in 1995.[24]

Kwan won both the U.S. Championships and the World Championships in 1996. In the later issue, she edged out defending champion Chen Lu in a very close competition in which both competitors garnered 2 perfect six.0s for Presentation in the gratuitous skate.[ citation needed ] She was the third youngest effigy skater to concord both titles. The1996-97 flavour marked the beginning of a winning streak for Kwan that lasted more than a year, from the autumn of 1995 to the fall of 1996. As Kestnbaum put it, Kwan became "the most consequent and well-rounded skater in the [women's] field, taking on an almost legendary mystique as she continued to mature as a feminine creative skater emphasizing beauty, musicality, and dramatic storylines concerned with honey and death".[26]

In the 1996–97 season, Kwan skated to "Dream of Desdemona" (brusque programme) and "Taj Mahal" (free skate). During this flavour, Kwan struggled with her jumps because of a growth spurt, which afflicted her residuum on her spring, and issues with new skating boots which she wore for an endorsement contract with the manufacturer.[27] [28] She won the short program at the 1997 U.S. Nationals, merely fell early in her complimentary skate and as she afterward stated, "panicked" and fabricated several more errors. She lost to Tara Lipinski, who came in first identify in her gratis skate. 3 weeks later, at the Champion Series Last, she once again lost to Lipinski, who completed more successful jumps than Kwan in both the short program and free skate.[27] At the 1997 Globe Championships, Kwan came in 2d identify, behind Lipinski, who won the gilded medal. Kwan came in quaternary identify in her short program due to an unsuccessful jump combination while Lipinski came in beginning place and Irina Slutskaya, who missed her combination jump, came in sixth place. All three skaters performed well during their free skates, each earning first-place ordinals from three of the nine judges. Kwan won the complimentary skate, with Lipinski coming in 2nd place and Slutskaya coming in third place. Kwan's jumps in her free skate were not as difficult every bit Lipinski and Slutskaya's, merely her skating betwixt her jumps was more complex and demonstrated "more polished refinement".[29] Overall, Lipinski came in first place, Kwan came in second place, and Slutskaya came in fourth place behind Vanessa Gusmeroli of France.[thirty]

Going into the 1997—98 Olympic season, the American printing "play[ed] upwards the Kwan-Lipinski rivalry for all it was worth".[31] According to Kestnbaum, Kwan's programs emphasized sophistication and pure skating, which Kestnbaum chosen "a change of pace"[31] from her previous two seasons, which featured dramatic storylines. Kestbaum besides called both Kwan'due south programs "carefully choreographed expressions of joy".[32] For Kwan's curt plan, she chose piano music by Rachmaninoff, and for her free skating programme, she chose music from the concerto Lyra Angelica past William Alwyn. She came in first identify at Skate America, winning both the short program and complimentary skate, while Lipinski came in 2d place.[31] She as well won Skate Canada, just suffered a stress fracture on her foot and was forced to withdraw from her third Champions Series Terminal. Kwan regained her U.Southward. title from Lipinski at the 1998 National Championships, despite her fractured toe.[ citation needed ] Her injury prevented her from attempting her triple toe-triple toe combination, but she completed all vii jumps in her brusque program earned 6.0s from viii of the nine judges. As Kestnbaum put information technology, Kwan "skated with a transcendent floating quality that was becoming her trademark".[33] Many people consider her performances at the 1998 U.S. Championships to be the high point of her career from both a technical and artistic standpoint.[34] Both performances earned her 15 perfect 6.0s and left two judges in tears.[35]

Kwan and Lipinski were co-favorites to win the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano, Japan. Kwan placed first in the short program, winning eight first place votes out of nine judges, while Lipinski came in second place. In the costless skate, Kwan, who skated starting time in the last group, executed a clean 7-triple performance only placed behind Lipinski, who also did 7 triples including a triple loop/triple loop combination and a triple toe-loop/half-loop/triple Salchow. Kwan's performance was "graceful and well-measured, filled with circuitous edging and unusual moves such as a sequence of spins in both directions".[36] Kestnbaum chosen Kwan'due south free skate "tenative and ho-hum" as compared to her operation at Nationals. Her jumps were more difficult and bigger than Lipinski'south, but Kwan'south were not as loftier and did not embrace as much water ice as her competitors' jumps.[36] Lipinski'due south spins were faster than Kwan's. The judges awarded Lipinski with higher technical scores and gave both Lipinski and Kwan the same presentation scores, mostly 5.9s, although Lipinski won the free skate.[32] Kwan ended up winning the argent medal, with the gilded medal going to Lipinski and the bronze medal to Chen Lu.[37] [38]

Lipinski and Chen both retired from competitive skating before long after the Olympics, while Kwan went on to win the 1998 World Championships in Minneapolis.

From 1998 to 2002 Olympics [edit]

Kwan connected to compete as an eligible skater in the 1998–99 season, although she bypassed the fall Grand Prix flavour and instead chose to skate in a series of fabricated-for-tv pro-am events. Her "regular" competitive programs that season were "Fate of Carmen" (brusk program) and "Lamento D'Ariane" (free skate). Kwan won her third national title at the 1999 U.Southward. Championships, competing against a weak field. At the 1999 World Championships, Kwan did not skate her all-time,[39] and placed second behind Russian competitor Maria Butyrskaya.[twoscore]

Kwan'south win at the 2000 U.S. Nationals was controversial to some.[41] She was criticized for planning an easier solo leap in her brusk program than some of her competitors (a triple toe loop rather than a triple flip), and cruel on this element in the contest. The judges nevertheless placed her tertiary in that segment behind younger challengers Sasha Cohen and Sarah Hughes;[42] notwithstanding, the placement still kept her in contention for the title. Ultimately, she won the free skate with the best performance of the nighttime, capturing 8 of the 9 first-place ordinals.[43] At the 2000 World Championships, Kwan was once more in tertiary identify after the curt programme, behind Maria Butyrskaya and Irina Slutskaya. In her gratuitous skate, Kwan landed vii triple jumps, including a triple toe loop/triple toe loop combination, and won that segment of the competition. Butyrskaya lost her commanding pb by finishing third behind Slutskaya in the gratis skate, allowing Kwan to win the overall title equally well.[44]

During the 2000–2001 flavor, Kwan began working with the famed designer (and former figure skater) Vera Wang, who designed about of her contest and exhibition costumes for the next six years. Kwan was merely the 2nd figure skater Wang designed for, post-obit Nancy Kerrigan.[45] At that year'south national championships, Kwan over again won the title, receiving first-identify ordinals from all nine judges in both the short program and free skate. At the 2001 World Championships, Kwan was 2d behind Slutskaya in the short program. Kwan won the title with her "Song of the Black Swan" costless skate, executing 7 triples, including a triple toe loop/triple toe loop combination.[46]

Kwan and Carroll decided to end their coaching human relationship 2 days before the start of the 2001 Skate America competition.[13] In interviews, Kwan said she needed to "take responsibleness" for her skating.[47] Coachless, Kwan arrived at the 2002 U.South. Championships in Los Angeles amid the media's scrutiny over her separation with Carroll and her season'south inconsistencies. Kwan won the competition with a revived "Rachmaninoff" short program and a new "Scheherazade" program for her free skate, securing a place on the 2002 Olympic team. Joining her on the squad were Sasha Cohen (second) and Sarah Hughes (third).[48] The 21-year-onetime Kwan and Russian federation'due south Irina Slutskaya were favorites to win the gilt. Kwan led after the short program, followed past Slutskaya, Cohen, and Hughes. In the free skate, Kwan two-footed her triple toe loop combination and savage on her triple flip, while Sarah Hughes skated a clean program. Kwan won the statuary medal behind Hughes and Slutskaya.[49] Kwan's terminal event of the season was the 2002 Worlds, where she won the silvery medal behind Slutskaya.

2002–2006 [edit]

Kwan began working with coach Scott Williams in the summer of 2002.[13] She continued to compete on the Olympic-eligible circuit, although in a more limited way. During the fall seasons of 2002 to 2004, Kwan competed in only one One thousand Prix event, Skate America in the fall of 2002, which she entered as a terminal-minute replacement. She won the event and qualified for the Grand Prix Final but chose not to compete in it. Kwan chose to not compete in Chiliad Prix events in the 2003 and 2004 seasons where the new judging organization was being used. Kwan won all phases of every competition she entered in the 2002–2003 competitive flavor with her programs: Peter Gabriel'due south "The Feeling Begins" from The Terminal Temptation of Christ (short program) and "Concierto de Aranjuez" (costless skate). She won the U.S. Championships over again and regained her World title.

In autumn 2003, she hired the noted technician Rafael Arutyunyan as her motorcoach,[13] with whom she attempted to increment the technical difficulty of her programs and hone her jump technique. In the 2003–2004 competitive season, she skated again to "The Feeling Begins" for her short programme, and Puccini's "Tosca" for her long program. Once again, Kwan won the U.Southward. Championships, earning seven more 6.0s for presentation during the gratis skating. At the 2004 Globe Championships, after a difficult qualifying round, Kwan was penalized in her short program for going two seconds over the time limit. This caused her to place fourth going into the long program, behind American Sasha Cohen, Japan's Shizuka Arakawa, and Miki Ando.[50] Kwan skated a make clean operation with 5 triples and received the last six.0 marks given at the World Championships. She placed second in the complimentary skating portion (she was one guess short from winning the free skating) and placed tertiary overall, behind Arakawa (who performed seven triples, including two triple-triple combinations) and Cohen.

For the 2004–2005 competitive flavor, Kwan skated her long program to "Boléro", choreographed by British ice dancer Christopher Dean who had famously skated to the music with Jayne Torvill two decades before, and debuted a new curt program, "Adagio" from Aram Khachaturian'due south ballet Spartacus. At the U.South. Championships, she won her 9th title, tying the all-time record previously set by Maribel Vinson-Owen. Vinson-Owen had coached Frank Carroll, who in turn coached Kwan. At the 2005 Globe Championship, Kwan competed for the outset fourth dimension nether the new judging system. She had a rough qualifying round and placed third in the short programme. In the free skate, Kwan fell on her triple salchow and two-footed a triple lutz. Although she finished tertiary in both the short and long program portion of the competition, Kwan was edged by Carolina Kostner for the bronze medal and finished fourth overall, missing third identify by 0.37 points. Information technology was the start time since 1995 that Kwan had failed to medal at any international competition, and would be her final competitive consequence.

2006 Olympics [edit]

Kwan looked at the 2005 Worlds as a learning experience in the ISU Judging Arrangement. She continued to railroad train and stated that she would attempt to qualify for the 2006 Olympic Games in Turin, Italia.[51] However, following a hip injury, she was forced to withdraw from her three planned competitions in the fall of 2005. Kwan skated her new brusk program ("Totentanz") at a made-for-TV event in December 2005, only her operation was well below her usual standard. On January 4, 2006, Kwan withdrew from the U.S. Effigy Skating Championships with an abdominal injury incurred in December 2005. I week afterwards, she filed a petition with the USFSA for a medical waiver to be placed on the 2006 Olympic figure skating squad.[51] On Jan 14, 2006, later on the U.s. ladies' figure skating event, the USFSA'southward International Committee met and in a twenty to 3 vote approved Kwan'southward petition under the stipulation that she show her concrete and competitive readiness to a five-member monitoring panel past Jan 27.

Kwan performed her long and brusque programs for the panel on the stipulated solar day, and her spot on the Olympic team was established, equally the panel felt she was fit to compete. Nonetheless, on February 12, 2006, the United states Olympic Commission appear that Kwan had withdrawn from the Games later suffering a new groin injury in her get-go practice in Turin. Kwan remarked that she "respected the Olympics besides much to compete".[52] The Turin organizing committee accepted the USOC'southward awarding for Emily Hughes (who had finished tertiary at the U.S. Championships) to compete as Kwan's replacement.

After her withdrawal from the Olympic team, Kwan turned downwards an offering to stay in Turin as a effigy skating commentator for NBC Sports.[53] During an interview with Bob Costas and Scott Hamilton, Kwan said she was not retiring nonetheless.

Kwan underwent constituent arthroscopic surgery in August 2006 to repair a torn labrum in her right hip, an sometime injury which she traces back to 2002.[xvi] According to Kwan, the surgery immune her to skate pain-free for the outset time in four years.[54]

Later 2006 [edit]

Kwan did not compete during the 2006–2007 figure skating flavour.[55]

Kwan told the Associated Press in October 2007 that she would determine in 2009 if she planned to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics,[54] but she ultimately decided not to practise then, focusing instead on graduate school.[56] She has said "Representing the Usa as an American Public Diplomacy Envoy the past three years has been very rewarding, and I want to do more." After graduating from the University of Denver in 2009, Kwan said "Furthering my education will bring me closer to that goal, and I don't want to wait any longer to continue the journey."[56]

On February 17, 2010, Kwan told ABC News in an interview that she was standing her studies as a graduate student at the Tufts University Fletcher School of Constabulary and Diplomacy, as well as continuing her piece of work as a Public Affairs Envoy. Kwan also said she would be commentating for Good Morning America at the 2010 Winter Olympics.[57]

In Baronial 2009, Kwan made her first on-water ice advent in several years, performing at Ice All Stars, a evidence headlined past South Korean world champion Yuna Kim in Seoul, Due south Korea. Kim considered Kwan her idol growing upwards.[58] Kwan also afterwards appeared in Kim'south All That Skate shows in South Korea and Los Angeles.[59]

She was chosen equally the invitee of award to aid open a new synthetic skating rink at the Marina Bay Sands resort in Singapore in December 2010, where she performed a modified routine to "Winter Song", a program she self-choreographed with her sis.[lx] She returned to Singapore a month afterwards as a Public Diplomacy Envoy[61] to meet local students and to promote ice skating in the tropical country.[62]

As of 2008, Kwan is a fellow member of the Chinese-American organization Committee of 100.[63] In 2014, Kwan joined Fox Sports 1 for its Winter Olympics broadcast.[64]

Skating technique [edit]

Kwan was known for her unrivaled consistency in delivering make clean programs,[65] every bit well as her strong skating skills and deep, serenity edges that have been described equally "silent blades"[66] that "barely whispered".[67] She was as well known for her musicality and power to combine grace and artistry with athleticism.

Although non of the greatest peak nor explosive bound, Kwan, for most of her career, included all of the triples (except for the Axel) in her programs, including two lutzes (the most difficult jump subsequently the Axel). She landed the triple toe-triple toe combination cleanly eleven times in contest, including at her 2000 and 2001 earth championship victories.[68] [69] During the 2004–2005 flavour, she debuted a triple flip-double toe-double loop combination.[70]

Kickoff in the 1996–1997 season, Kwan debuted a alter of edge screw that soon became her signature movement.[71] Kwan'due south spiral was famed by commentators not only for its great extension and line, merely also its speed, the forcefulness and security of the border, the deep lean and the piece of cake smoothness of the change of border.[72] [73] In the 1998–1999 season, Kwan revived a variation of the Charlotte spiral, a motility innovated past German skater Charlotte Oelschlägel which had non been performed in decades.[74]

Kwan's split falling leaf was praised by fellow skaters Dick Push and Peggy Fleming during competitions, for its effortlessness and perfect split position in the air. Kwan has washed multiple split up falling leaves in immediate succession (without whatsoever turns or steps in between) while maintaining a split position on both.[75]

Some other of her trademark moves is a Y-spin done consecutively on both feet. Kwan is as well i of the few skaters who can spin in both directions.[76]

Awards and accolades [edit]

Kwan is a recipient of the prestigious James E. Sullivan Honor (2001), which is given to America's best amateur athlete; she was the get-go figure skater to win the award since Dick Push in 1949. In 2003, she was named the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) "Sportswoman of the Year", and is the 5th figure skater in history to receive this honor. She has likewise been named USOC "Athlete of the Month" fourteen times, which is more than whatever other athlete, male or female, as well as being named "Female Figure Skating Athlete of the Year" by the USOC multiple times. She is also the recipient of the USOC'south "Citizenship Through Sports Alliance Award" (2004).[2]

Kwan is one of only 2 multiple winners of the "Readers' Option Effigy Skater of the Twelvemonth" award given by Skating magazine, winning it an unprecedented seven times (1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001–2003). In 2003, the United states of america Figure Skating Association, which publishes Skating, announced that the award would exist renamed the "Michelle Kwan Bays." The USFSA stated that although Kwan may keep to skate competitively, she would no longer exist eligible for the award. The merely other skater to win the award multiple times, Johnny Weir, only won it twice in comparison.[2] [77]

  • In 1999, Kwan was given the Historymakers Award by the Los Angeles Chinese American Museum.[78]
  • In May 2000, Kwan was selected as one of People magazine'due south fifty near beautiful people.[2] [79]
  • In 2002, Kwan won the Teen Selection Award for favorite female athlete.[2]
  • In 2002, Kwan was chosen as Cosmogirl of the year.[2]
  • In 2002 and 2003, Kwan won the Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Award for favorite female athlete.[2]
  • In 2005, Kwan traveled to Beijing to accept an award for being the "female athlete kids in Prc well-nigh adore" at the countdown CCTV-Nickelodeon Kids' Option Honors.[eighty]
  • In 2007, the Women's Sports Foundation honored Kwan with the Billie Jean Honor for her contribution to women'southward sports.[81]
  • In May 2009, Kwan was honored past the Los Angeles Chinese Historical Lodge of Southern California in "Celebrating Chinese Americans in Sports".[82]
  • In 2010, Kwan received an honorary doctorate'south degree from Southern Vermont College and delivered the kickoff speech for that year'due south graduation.[83]
  • In 2012, Kwan was the sole inductee for the United states of america Figure Skating Hall of Fame.[20] She was also the sole inductee for the 2012 World Effigy Skating Hall of Fame.[84]
  • In 2014, Kwan was honored by Harlem Skating for her career.[85]
  • In 2017, Kwan was inducted into the California sports Hall of Fame.

Public life [edit]

Diplomatic positions [edit]

Kwan in Singapore, January 2011

On Nov nine, 2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice named Michelle Kwan as a public diplomacy ambassador. In this non-salaried position, Kwan represented American values, especially to young people and sports enthusiasts, and traveled widely.[86] Kwan fabricated her first overseas trip in the capacity of public affairs ambassador with a visit to Red china from January 17–25, 2007.[87]

Her diplomatic position every bit an envoy connected in the Barack Obama administration where she worked with Vice President Joe Biden[88] and then Secretarial assistant of State, Hillary Clinton.[89]

Following her get-go trip to China as a public affairs envoy, Kwan connected her role in subsequent trips to Russia in June 2007,[90] Argentine republic in March 2008,[91] Ukraine in Feb 2009,[92] S Korea in Jan 2010,[93] and Singapore in January 2011.[61] [94]

On April xv, 2011, information technology was announced that Kwan would serve as an adviser to the U.S.-China Women's Leadership Exchange and Dialogue (Women-Atomic number 82).[95] In December 2012, Kwan was appointed as a Country Department senior adviser for public affairs and public affairs.[96]

In June 2015, Kwan appear that she would support Hillary Clinton'due south campaign efforts by working on outreach efforts from Clinton's headquarters in Brooklyn.[97]

United States ambassador to Belize [edit]

On Dec xv, 2021, President Joe Biden announced that he intended to nominate Kwan to be The states administrator to Belize.[98] She was formally nominated on January 7, 2022.[99] Hearings on the nomination were held before the Senate Strange Relations Committee on May 18, 2022. Her nomination was reported favorably by the committee on June 9, 2022.[99] She was confirmed by the Senate with a voice vote on September 29, 2022.[100] She received her appointment on October 7[101] and was sworn in on October 10, 2022.[102] She presented her credentials to Governor-General of Belize Matriarch Froyla Tzalam on December v, 2022.[103]

Filmography [edit]

Kwan has invitee-starred as herself in "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass", an episode of The Simpsons, and in the Family Guy episode "A Hero Sits Next Door". She has as well fabricated guest star appearances in Arthur, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, and various other telly serial. She provided the voice of a shopkeeper in Disney's direct-to-DVD sequel Mulan II, Kwan also did the vocalism of a fictionalized version of herself chosen Michelle Kwanzleberry in the series finale of Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! in 2010, and she and fellow figure skater Brian Boitano appeared as announcers in the motion-picture show Ice Princess.

In 1998, Kwan struck a deal with Walt Disney Idiot box that led to her starring in three prime-time skating specials on ABC: "Reflections on Water ice" in 1998 (an ice skating adaptation of the Disney flick Mulan, based on the Chinese fable), "Michelle Kwan skates to Disney'south Greatest Hits" in 1999, and "Princess on Water ice" in 2001, the last special featuring performances past popular bands O-Town and Shedaisy.[104] She also appeared in various other televised skating specials throughout her career.

In 1999, she appeared in the Michelle Kwan Figure Skating computer game, released by Electronic Arts.[105]

Other activities [edit]

Scholastic published an autobiography past Kwan in 1998, titled Heart of a Champion, which is now in its 6th printing.[2]

In 1999, Kwan signed with Disney Publishing Worldwide for an 8-book deal which included an inspirational book for children titled, The Winning Mental attitude: What it Takes to be a Champion, every bit well as a series of fictional skating books inspired by Kwan and written past Nola Thacker chosen "Michelle Kwan presents Skating Dreams".[106]

In 2005, Kwan's family unit opened the EastWest Ice Palace in Artesia, California. The ice rink houses many of her skating medals and memorabilia.[107]

In Jan 2009, Kwan was appointed a member of the President's Council on Physical Fettle and Sports by George Westward. Bush, a function which she had continued into the Obama administration.[108]

Kwan has been a longtime supporter of the Special Olympics, taking function in "unified sports" events, which join athletes with intellectual disabilities and without. In 2011, she was added to the lath of directors for the Special Olympics.[109]

Endorsements [edit]

Kwan has had many endorsement contracts throughout her career, including Aim Funds,[110] Campbell's,[111] Caress lather (Unilever),[112] Chevrolet,[113] Coca-Cola,[114] Disney,[9] East Westward Bank,[115] Got milk?,[116] Kraft,[117] Mattel,[118] Maxxis,[119] McDonald's,[120] Minute Maid,[114] Riedell Skates,[121] Royal Caribbean International,[122] Starbucks,[119] United Airlines,[110] Visa,[114] and Yoplait.[seven]

Kwan'southward multi-yr deal with Chevrolet (starting in 2000) was estimated to exist worth over $1 one thousand thousand.[113] The Chevrolet/Michelle Kwan R.Eastward.W.A.R.D.S. Scholarship plan was established past the Chevrolet Motor Segmentation of General Motors in cooperation with Kwan.[123]

In 2002, Kwan was named a "glory representative" and spokeswoman for The Walt Disney Company in a three-year deal reported to be worth $ane 1000000 a yr.[nine] This deal was renewed and expanded in 2006.[124]

Personal life [edit]

In September 2012, Kwan announced her date to Clay Pell, an American lawyer, military officer and former director for strategic planning on the National Security staff at the White Business firm. In February 2014, he declared his candidacy for Governor of Rhode Island.[125] He was unsuccessful in his bid. Pell is the grandson of the late Rhode Island Senator Claiborne Pell. The couple, who met in April 2011,[126] were married on January 19, 2013, in Providence, Rhode Isle. Vera Wang designed Kwan'due south wedding ceremony gown.[127] [128]

Later four years of marriage, Pell filed for divorce from Kwan in March 2017 in California.[129] Kwan learned of Pell's filing without warning via a tweet that was before long followed by an online article in the New York Daily News. A day later on, Kwan filed for divorce from Pell in Rhode Island citing irreconcilable differences;[130] Kwan attempted to serve Pell straight ten times in March and April 2017 just was unsuccessful. She eventually had to post the documents on the forepart door.[131]

The couple have no children together but did acquire multiple assets during the union. Complicating matters was that Pell filed in California, a community property country, only Rhode Island, where the couple was married and Kwan filed her petition, is not.[131]

On Jan 5, 2022, Kwan announced the birth of her first child.[132]

Political views and activism [edit]

Kwan worked every bit a surrogate to Hillary Clinton'due south 2016 presidential campaign as an outreach coordinator.[133] When asked why she decided to join the campaign she explained, "There was no mode that I could sit down on the sidelines and watch it without getting involved. Information technology was a very quick decision."[134]

She added that, for her, supporting Clinton was a no-brainer, given her family unit's own immigrant history. "Every mean solar day I'k reminded about my personal story, about what'due south at stake in these elections. I think of my parents, and every bit I await around the room, we probably share like stories, of how our parents, grandparents, or corking-grandparents might take immigrated to the U.S. It's so the next generation of Americans take the ability to dream that dream."[134]

In May 2021, it was announced that Kwan would executive produce "Recipe for Change" for YouTube alongside LeBron James, Maverick Carter, Dennis Cheng, Jamal Henderson and Philip Byron. The special, fix to air June sixteen, 2021 and produced past the SpringHill Company, brings together Asian American celebrities, chefs, activists, and creators to celebrate Asian and Pacific Islanders culture[135] and discuss the recent and historic acts of hate and violence against the Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders community.[136] "Recipe for Change" was nominated for "Outstanding Daytime Special" at the 49th Daytime Artistic Arts & Lifestyle Emmy Awards.[137]

Programs [edit]

Michelle Kwan career programs.

Season Short program Free skating Exhibition
2005–2006
[13]
  • Totentanz
    by Franz Liszt
    bundled past Maksim Mrvica
    choreo. by Tatiana Tarasova
  • Prelude in C Sharp Minor Op. eighteen
    past Sergei Rachmaninoff
    choreo. by Tatiana Tarasova
  • A Song for Yous
    by Natalie Cole
2004–2005
[138]
  • Adagio from Spartacus
    past Aram Khachaturian
    choreo. by Nikolai Morozov
  • Boléro
    past Maurice Ravel
    choreo. past Christopher Dean
  • You Raise Me Upwardly
    by Josh Groban
  • This Used To Be My Playground
    by Madonna
2003–2004
[139]
  • The Feeling Begins
    (from The Last Temptation of Christ)
    by Peter Gabriel
    choreo. by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan,
    Karen Kwan and Nikolai Morozov
  • Tosca
    by Giacomo Puccini
    choreo. by Nikolai Morozov
  • Fallin'
    past Alicia Keys
  • Boléro
    by Maurice Ravel
    choreo. by Christopher Dean
2002–2003
[140]
  • The Feeling Begins
    (from The Last Temptation of Christ)
    by Peter Gabriel
    choreo. by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan,
    Karen Kwan and Nikolai Morozov
  • Concierto de Aranjuez
    by Joaquín Rodrigo
    performed past Ikuko Kawai
    choreo. by Scott Williams, Michelle Kwan,
    Karen Kwan, and Nikolai Morozov
  • A csodálatos mandarin (The Miraculous Standard mandarin)
    past Béla Bartók
    choreo. by Peter Oppegard
  • Fields of Gilded
    by Eva Cassidy
2001–2002
[141] [142]
  • Pianoforte Concerto No. 3
  • Pianoforte Trio No. two
    by Sergei Rachmaninoff
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • Eastward of Eden
    by Lee Holdridge
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Scheherazade
    by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
    performed by New York Philharmonic
    choreo. by Sarah Kawahara
  • A csodálatos mandarin (The Miraculous Mandarin)
    by Béla Bartók
    choreo. by Peter Oppegard
  • Fields of Gilt
    by Eva Cassidy
2000–2001
[143]
  • East of Eden
    past Lee Holdridge
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Blitz
    by Eric Clapton
    choreo. by Christopher Dean
  • O canto do cisne negro (Song of the Black Swan)
    by Héitor Villa-Lobos
  • Dumky Trio
    by Antonín Dvořák
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • Beautiful World
    by Sumi Jo
  • This Time Around
    past Linda Eder
1999–2000
  • A Solar day In The Life
    by John Lennon, Paul McCartney
    performed by Jeff Beck
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • The Red Violin
    past John Corigliano
    performed by Joshua Bong
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • The Globe Is Not Enough
    by Garbage
  • Easily
    (from Joy: A Holiday Collection)
    by Jewel
  • One More Fourth dimension
    from Message in a Bottle
    by Laura Pausini
1998–1999
  • Carmen Suite
    past Rodion Shchedrin
  • Carmen Fantasie
    past Franz Waxman
  • Carmen (1983 film)
    by Paco de Lucia
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • Ariane
  • Orchestral Suite No. 3
  • Orchestral Suite No. half-dozen
    by Jules Massenet
  • Absalom'southward Death And Tango
    by Leonid Desyatnikov
    performed by Gidon Kremer
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Kissing You
    past Des'ree
  • East of Eden
    by Lee Holdridge
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Carmen Suite
    past Rodion Shchedrin
  • Carmen Fantasie
    by Franz Waxman
  • Carmen (1983 movie)
    by Paco de Lucia
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
1997–1998
  • Piano Concerto No. iii
  • Pianoforte Trio No. 2
    by Sergei Rachmaninoff
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Lyra Angelica
    by William Alwyn
  • Gymnopedie #3
    past Erik Satie
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • On My Own
    (from Les Misérables)
    performed by Kaho Shimada
  • Dante's Prayer
    by Loreena McKennitt
1996–1997
  • Orchestral Suite No. 3
    by Jules Massenet
  • Final from Herodiade
    past Jules Massenet
  • The Red Poppy
    by Reinhold Gliere
    choreo. past Lori Nichol
  • Gyulistan Bayati Shiraz
    by Fikret Amirov
  • King of beasts of the Desert
    past Maurice Jarre
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • Winter
    by Tori Amos
    choreo. by Michelle Kwan
1995–1996
  • Romanza
    past Salvador Bacarisse
  • Fiesta Flamenca
    by Monty Kelly
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • Salome
    past Miklós Rózsa
  • Dance of the 7 Veils
    by Richard Strauss
    choreo. by Lori Nichol
  • East of Eden
    by Lee Holdridge
  • Only Around the Riverbend
    (from Pocahontas)
    by Judy Kuhn

choreo. by Lori Nichol

1994–1995
  • Xanthous River Piano Concerto
    past Xian Xinghai
    performed past Yin Chengzong, Chu Wanghua
  • Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso
    past Camille Saint-Saëns

choreo. past Lori Nichol

  • Fantasia on Greensleeves
    by Ralph Vaughan Williams
  • East of Eden
    past Lee Holdridge
1993–1994
  • Vocal of India
    (from Sadko)
    by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

choreo. by Lori Nichol

  • Due east of Eden (1981 TV miniseries)
    past Lee Holdridge
1992–1993
  • Miss Saigon
    by Claude-Michel Schönberg
1991–1992
  • Concerto in F
    by George Gershwin

Competitive highlights [edit]

Major events for Olympic-eligible skaters include the Globe Effigy Skating Championships, the Olympic Winter Games, the ISU M Prix of Figure Skating, and for American skaters, the U.S. Championships. Kwan'south record in these events is listed by season in the tables beneath. Competitive outings.

International[13] [138] [139] [140] [141] [143]
Event 91–92 92–93 93–94 94–95 95–96 96–97 97–98 98–99 99–00 00–01 01–02 02–03 03–04 04–05
Olympics second tertiary
Worlds eighth 4th 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 1st 2nd 1st 3rd quaternary
GP Final 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd
GP Nations Loving cup 1st
GP Skate America 7th 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
GP Skate Canada 1st 1st 1st second third
GP France 3rd 1st
Goodwill Games 2d 1st 2nd
International: Junior
Junior Worlds 1st
Gardena 1st Jr.
National
U.S. Gnaw. 9th J sixth 2nd second 1st 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
GP = Became function of Champions Serial in 1995–1996, One thousand Prix from 1998 to 1999
J. = Junior level, WD = Withdrew, Alt = Alternate (did not compete)

Come across likewise [edit]

  • History of Chinese Americans in Los Angeles
  • Eileen Gu, Zhu Yi, Nathan Chen, Kristi Yamaguchi

Notes and references [edit]

  1. ^ See Kestnbaum, pp. 48–53, for her "deep reading" of Kwan's Salome programme.

References [edit]

  1. ^ 關穎珊夫妻關係如雙人滑 幽默牧師逗翻全場(圖) (in Chinese). Sina Corp. January 20, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f thousand h i Athlete bio at usfigureskating.org Archived April 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 8, 2006.
  3. ^ Sappenfield, Marking (Feb 27, 2006). "For Americans, lots of medals but a 'faceless' Olympics". The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved September half dozen, 2006.
    - "Video Spotlight – Michelle Kwan". Asian Media Watch. Archived from the original on August 24, 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2006.
    - "People in the News Spotlight – Michelle Kwan". CNN . Retrieved October 8, 2006.
  4. ^ "Harris Interactive – America's favorite Athlete" (PDF). Harris Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2011. Retrieved July fourteen, 2010.
    - "Women'south Sports – 80 one thousand thousand Adults follow" (PDF). Harris Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
    - "Michael Jordan still tops the list every bit Nation'south favorite sports star" (PDF). Harris Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved Jan 16, 2014.
  5. ^ Stephie Lu was her teacher. Will O.C.'south Ashley Wagner exist skating's next rock star?, accessed May 21, 2014.
    - How Tonya, Nancy helped their sport, accessed May 20, 2014.
    - Vargas, Jose Antonio (February xiii, 2006). "The Michelle Kwan Myth, Worth its Weight in Gold". The Washington Post.
  6. ^ Hersh, Philip (October 28, 2011). "Lysacek, U.S. Skating both losing in dispute between them". Chicago Tribune.
  7. ^ a b Weaver, Jane (February 25, 2002). "Who volition win endorsement gold?". NBC News.
  8. ^ Going for Endorsement Gold, Forbes, accessed May 19, 2014.
    - Kwan Detractors demand to Abound Upwardly, Los Angeles Times, accessed May 19, 2014.
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  12. ^ Hersh, Philip. "Ms. Kwan Goes to Washington". Chicago Tribune.
  13. ^ a b c d due east f "Michelle KWAN: 2005/2006". International Skating Union. Archived from the original on June thirteen, 2006.
  14. ^ Kwan, Michelle (1999). The Winning Attitude: What It Takes to Be A Champion. Hyperion Printing. ISBN0786805463.
  15. ^ Christine Brennan, Within Edge, ISBN 0-684-80167-1
  16. ^ a b "LA Kwan expands outlook as part of her healing process". Los Angeles Times. December 24, 2006.
  17. ^ "Michelle Kwan graduating from University of Denver". San Francisco Gate. June 6, 2009.
  18. ^ "Home". Archived from the original on June 7, 2009.
  19. ^ "Ms. Kwan goes to Washington, principal'south degree in mitt". Chicago Tribune. June 3, 2011.
  20. ^ a b Elliott, Helene (Dec 23, 2011). "Michelle Kwan has found at that place is life after figure skating". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Dec 24, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
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  22. ^ a b c Kestnbaum 2003, p. 48.
  23. ^ a b c d Kestnbaum 2003, p. 49.
  24. ^ a b c d Kestnbaum 2003, p. 52.
  25. ^ a b Kestnbaum 2003, p. 53.
  26. ^ Kestnbaum, p. 155
  27. ^ a b Kestnbaum, p. 155
  28. ^ Encounter The tragedy of turning 20 past Christine Brennan, July 12, 1999, USA Today accessed October 9, 2006.
  29. ^ Kestnbaum. p. 156
  30. ^ Longman, Jere (March 23, 1997). "Lipinski, 14, Is Youngest World Champion". The New York Times . Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  31. ^ a b c Kestnbaum, p. 158
  32. ^ a b Kestnbaum, p. 163
  33. ^ Kestnbaum, p. 160
  34. ^ 1998 Nationals: Lipinski Autumn, Kwan wins with 6.0s Archived April 20, 2003, at the Wayback Machine CBS Sportsline
  35. ^ Judges in Tears Usa Today, 1998 accessed October 13, 2006
  36. ^ a b Kestnbaum, p. 162
  37. ^ Kwan vows to fight until 2002 Archived April 21, 2003, at the Wayback Motorcar CBS Sportline, Feb 1998 accessed Oct 13, 2006
  38. ^ Kestnbaum, p. 161
  39. ^ Favored Kwan stuck in 4th identify [ permanent dead link ] Slam Figure Skating, March 1999 accessed October 13, 2006.
  40. ^ Butyrskaya wins; Russians Sweep [ permanent dead link ] Slam Figure Skating, March 1999 accessed Oct thirteen, 2006.
  41. ^ Longman, Jere (February 14, 2000). "Figure SKATING; Kwan Wins, merely Challengers Are Rising Fast to Run across Her". The New York Times.
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  44. ^ Scandal dampens World Effigy Skating Championships, United states of america Today, accessed Oct 9, 2006.
  45. ^ Michelle Kwan wears Vera hymeneals clothes, accessed May 20, 2014.
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  47. ^ Kwan dismisses longtime coach SFGate.com – October 2001 accessed October 14, 2006.
  48. ^ Kwan recaptures season and the national crown USA Today – January 2002 accessed October 14, 2006.
  49. ^ See Hughes Edges Slutskaya, Kwan for Gold Archived October 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Hughes Edges Kwan and Slutskaya to win gilded, CNN Sports Illustrated, Feb 21, 2002 accessed October 9, 2006.
  50. ^ Clarey, Christopher (March 27, 2004). "Figure SKATING; Kwan'south Short Programme Not Short Enough; Cohen Is Leader". The New York Times . Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  51. ^ a b "Sullivan Award Part Five of V: The 2000s". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2007
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  53. ^ David Bauder,Kwan says thanks, but no, to NBC'due south offer, Associated Printing (February 13, 2007).
  54. ^ a b "People in Sports: Michelle Kwan". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. October 16, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
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  56. ^ a b Elliott, Helene (August 1, 2009). "Michelle Kwan won't compete in Vancouver". Los Angeles Times. [ expressionless link ]
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  98. ^ "President Biden Announces Key Diplomatic and Agency Nominees". December 15, 2021.
  99. ^ a b Presidential nomination no. 1662, Michelle Kwan, of California, to exist Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the The states to Belize., 117th Congress, Jan 7, 2022. Accessed Jan 10, 2022.
  100. ^ LeBlanc, Paul (September 30, 2022). "Senate confirms Michelle Kwan equally US ambassador to Belize". CNN . Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  101. ^ "Appointments | 2022". State Magazine. U.S. Section of State. December 2022. Retrieved Dec four, 2022. Michelle Kwan, of California, was appointed to serve as the new U.Due south. Administrator to Belize, Oct. 7.
  102. ^ "Ambassadorial Assignments Overseas" (PDF). U.S. Department of State Office of Presidential Appointments. Oct 31, 2022. p. three. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
  103. ^ U.S. Embassy Belize [@USMissionBelize] (December 5, 2022). "U.S. Administrator Michelle Kwan today presented her Letters of Credence to Governor General of Belize HE Matriarch Froyla Tzalam and reaffirmed U.S. commitment to strengthening the 41-year U.South.-Belize alliance to foster a secure, democratic, and prosperous Belizean club. 🇺🇸🇧🇿" (Tweet). Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Twitter.
  104. ^ Reflections on Water ice Television set special
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    - Princess on Water ice TV special
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Works cited [edit]

  • Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003). Culture on Ice: Effigy Skating and Cultural Meaning. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN0-8195-6641-one.

External links [edit]

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Kwan

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